Department

Radiation Oncology

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:20.0pt">Radiation Oncology</span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">Radiation Oncology is a medical specialty that involves the controlled use of radiation to treat cancer and is distinct from radiology. Recent advancements in radiation therapy have revolutionized the treatment of cancer, leading to better clinical outcomes for patients. A specialty physician called a Radiation Oncologist manages and oversees each patient&rsquo;s radiation treatment. The precise treatment intent (curative, adjuvant, neoadjuvant therapeutic, or palliative) will depend on the tumor type, location, and stage, as well as the general health of the patient. Only a radiation oncologist can help in determining if radiation therapy is right for the patient.<br /> There are two ways by which radiation can be administered to patients:</span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt">External Beam Radiation</span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt">: External beam radiation therapy delivers radiation through the use of a large machine called a linear accelerator that precisely aims radiation beams from outside of the body at the cancerous tumor.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Brachytherapy or Intracavitary Radiation Therapy</span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt">: Brachytherapy is a type of radiation therapy in which radioactive particles known as seeds are placed within the body on the tumor or nearby the cancer cells.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">About half of all cancer patients receive some type of radiation therapy at some point during the course of their cancer care.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">There are two ways by which radiation can be administered to patients:</span></strong></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">External Beam Radiation:</span></strong> External beam radiation therapy delivers radiation through the use of a large machine called a linear accelerator that precisely aims radiation beams from outside of the body at the cancerous tumor.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Brachytherapy or Intracavitary Radiation Therapy:</span></strong> Brachytherapy is a type of radiation therapy in which radioactive particles known as seeds are placed within the body on the tumor or nearby the cancer cells.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">About half of all cancer patients receive some type of radiation therapy at some point during the course of their cancer care.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">There are several different types of radiation treatment available to patients. These include:</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT)</span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">3D-CRT is a commonly used treatment type that aims the radiation beam with high precision at the tumor location using advanced computer software and treatment machines.3-D conformal radiation is a technique that allows doctors to direct radiation beams to conform to the shape of the tumor.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Compared with historical, 2-D radiation therapy, 3-D conformal radiation more precisely delivers radiation to cancer cells, while reducing the amount of radiation to healthy cells. This conventional form of radiation therapy is used to treat cancerous and noncancerous tumors throughout the body.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)</span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">IMRT is a treatment option that delivers radiation through the use of hundreds of tiny radiation beam-shaping devices, called collimators. Collimators allow the radiation oncologist to target and deliver varying doses of radiation to different areas of the tumor in a meticulous way. The level of precision achieved allows the doctor to spare greater portions of surrounding healthy tissue, leading to fewer side effects.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Rapid Arc</span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Rapid Arc is a rotational form of IMRT in which daily treatment is shorter than IMRT (Rapid Arc is 4 times faster than IMRT in delivering radiation). The ability of Rapid arc to spare healthy tissues is better than IMRT. Hence reduced daily treatment time translates into better patient comfort and compliance.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)</span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">IGRT is a radiation delivery method used for tumors located in areas of the body that may change between treatments due to organ filling or movements while breathing. In order to account for these changes, IGRT uses repeated imaging scans. These scans are usually conducted in the treatment room just before the patient receives a daily radiation therapy treatment. These images allow the radiation oncologist to adjust the dosage delivered based on any small changes that may have taken place since the time of the patient&rsquo;s last treatment.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) and Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)</span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">SBRT is typically selected for small, isolated tumors throughout the body such as cancers in the lung and liver. This treatment option is usually delivered in fewer sessions with higher doses of radiation. SRS is a treatment option that delivers a very high dose of radiation in a single fraction. It is most commonly used to treat brain or spinal tumors.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:18.0pt">Brachytherapy (Gammamed plus ix):</span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Brachytherapy is a form of internal radiation in which small radiation sources, or radioactive seeds, about the size of a grain of rice, are either permanently or temporarily implanted into the tumor site. There are two types of brachytherapy, high dose rate (HDR) with Irididum192 isotopes and low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy.</span></span></span></p>

Medical & Clinical Oncology

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#1f497d">Medical Oncology uses specialized medications, referred to as chemotherapy drugs, to control and eradicate cancerous cells throughout a patient&#39;s body. A medical oncologist is a physician responsible for managing and oversight a patient&#39;s chemotherapy regimen and the complications that may be given over several weeks, months, or years.</span></span></span></span></p> <h1 style="margin-left:29px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#f79646"><strong><span style="color:#1f497d">Chemotherapy</span></strong></span></span></span></h1> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#1f497d">Chemotherapy, also referred to as Chemo, is a form of cancer treatment in which drugs are used to kill cancer cells, stop cancer cells from spreading and slow the growth of cancer cells.<br /> Chemotherapy can be given alone or in conjunction with other treatments. Chemotherapy that is given before surgery or radiation therapy in order to reduce the size of a tumor is known as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In turn, adjuvant chemotherapy is given to patients after radiation treatment or surgery.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:#8a271d">How is Chemotherapy Administered</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#1f497d">Chemotherapy is generally administered over several treatment cycles. Depending on the doctor&#39;s prescription and how the patient&#39;s body reacts, Chemotherapy can be delivered daily, weekly, or monthly followed by a period of rest. This period of rest is vital to continuing chemotherapy because it allows the body to recover and rejuvenate to produce healthy new cells.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#1f497d">Chemotherapy is typically administered in the following ways:</span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Intravenous (IV): The chemotherapy is administered directly into the vein.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Injection (Intramuscular &ndash; IM): The chemotherapy is administered by an injection into the muscle.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Oral: The chemotherapy is in pill, capsule, or liquid form that is swallowed.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Intra-arterial (IA): The chemotherapy is administered directly into the artery.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Intra-peritoneal (IP): The chemotherapy is administered directly into the peritoneal cavity which contains organs such as the stomach, intestines, and liver.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Topical: The chemotherapy is in a cream form that is rubbed onto the skin.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:#8a271d">Benefits of Chemotherapy</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#1f497d">Although chemotherapy is a rigorous treatment option for patients, the overall clinical outcomes can outweigh the associated side effects. Since cancer cells can rapidly evolve, it is important to target the malignant cells with chemotherapy in hopes of controlling, reducing, and preventing cell division. Chemotherapy can prevent cancer cells from metastasizing, a term used to describe the spread of cancer cells from their origin to other regions of the body.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#1f497d">Depending upon the type of cancer and stage of cancer, chemotherapy can be used for curative purposes. A patient is considered cured when all of the cancer cells within the body have been eradicated and cancer does not return for many years.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:#1f497d">Also, medical oncologists often use chemotherapy in conjunction with radiation therapy and surgery. Because chemotherapy is systemic, meaning it can affect the entire body, it can kill off cancerous cells that radiation or surgery cannot address. Therefore, chemotherapy makes these other treatment options more effective in eliminating cancer when combined.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

Surgical Oncology

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Surgical Oncology</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Surgical oncology is one of the fields of oncology that focuses on treating cancer surgically. Surgery is the mainstay of the treatment of solid organ tumors. Purbanchal Cancer Hospital has a dedicated and experienced team of surgeons who are always keen to work in a team for the betterment of patients. We are backed by a multidisciplinary team of radiologists, pathologists, anesthesiologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, nursing, physiotherapists, and dieticians. </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Here in Purbanchal Cancer Hospital, we have a state-of-art operation theatre with a well-equipped intensive care unit and post-operative unit for smooth post-operative recovery of the patients. We provide surgical care in various aspects of surgical oncology. We have the expertise for:</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Thoracic and breast oncosurgery </strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>GI oncosurgery, </strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Hepatobiliopancreatic oncosurgery, </strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Urooncosurgery </strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Every patient is discussed on the tumor board and a consensus is made according to the recent advancements in the field of oncology so that the patient gets the best available care.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Besides treating the patients surgically, we take active participation in diagnosing cancers. We are well trained in different diagnostic procedures like routine upper GI endoscopy, colonoscopy, cystoscopy and bronchoscopy. We also perform therapeutic endoscopic procedures like endoscopic polypectomies, stentings and band ligations. We are trained in minimally invasive surgeries for various malignancies including VATS (video assisted thoracoscopic surgery) and laparoscopic procedures. We routinely perform VATS and laparoscopic procedures in diagnosing various intrathoracic and intra-abdominal malignancies as well.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Since, Purbanchal Cancer Hospital is a comprehensive cancer center, all the facilities for cancer care are available within the hospital premises. As we have a team of experienced clinical oncologists, our patients get both the neo-adjuvant and the adjuvant treatment in the hospital itself. This prevents the number of treatment defaulters as the patients do not need to be referred to any other center.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">We have been performing various surgical procedures including complex thoracic and abdominal surgeries with good results. In a short journey of 2 years, we have come a very long way and have established ourselves as one of the comprehensive cancer centers in the country. We are working hard to improve further. Patients with a diagnosis of cancer or with suspicion of cancer can visit us. We ensure that our patients will be provided with the best possible cancer care. </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

Pediatric Hematology Oncology

<p style="text-align:center">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Purbanchal Cancer Hospital is one of the well-versed comprehensive cancer hospitals in eastern Nepal. Pediatric Hematology-Oncology service has been one of the highlights of this center since it vouches to treat childhood cancer and blood disorders to the best of its abilities.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">We offer holistic care for children with malignancy and hematological disorders from 0-19 years of age group. Our multi-disciplinary team of well-trained and experienced pediatric hemato-oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, anesthetists, in-house hematopathologists, and radiologists along with specially trained pediatric/oncology nurses, pharmacists, and paramedical personnel are committed to treating these children with utmost care and dedication.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Our services include outpatient clinics, in-patient care, daycare services, intensive care unit, palliative care, psychosocial and nutritional support, cancer survivor clinics particularly to monitor late effects, and facilities to perform bone marrow examinations, and intrathecal therapies.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Diseases under our umbrella are:</span></span></p> <ol> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Acute / Chronic leukemias</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Lymphomas</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Solid tumors:</span></span>&nbsp;</li> </ol> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Brain tumors</span></span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Bone tumors</span></span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Sarcomas</span></span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Neuroblastoma</span></span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Retinoblastoma</span></span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Renal tumors</span></span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Germ Cell tumors</span></span></li> </ul> <ol start="4"> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Hemoglobinopathies: </span></span></li> </ol> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Thalassemia</span></span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Sickle cell anemia</span></span></li> </ul> <ol start="5"> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Iron deficiency anemia, Megaloblastic anemias</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Aplastic anemia</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Inherited bone marrow syndromes</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Platelets and coagulation disorders</span></span></li> </ol>

Gyne-onco Surgery

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background-color:white">Gynecologic<span style="color:black"> cancer</span> comes with the medical condition in which cancer or tumor cells develop in the reproductive organs of a woman&rsquo;s body. <span style="color:black">Cancer is always named according to the part of the body where it starts. </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Types </span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Cerv</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">ical Cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developing countries like Nepal. It starts growing in the cervix which is the lower part of the uterus. </span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/ovarian/"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Ovarian cancer</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;grows in the ovaries or fallopian tubes&nbsp;which are located on both sides of the uterus.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/uterine/"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Uterine cancer</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;involves uterine muscles and endometrium.<em>&nbsp;The tumor</em>&nbsp;of uterine muscle is called sarcoma and that of endometrium is called endometrial carcinoma. The uterus is<em> </em>the pear-shaped organ where the baby grows during pregnancy.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/vagvulv/"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Vaginal cancer</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;involves the vagina,&nbsp;which is the hollow tube-like structure</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/vagvulv/"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Vulvar cancer</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;begins in the&nbsp;vulva,&nbsp;the outer part of the female genital organs.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Gestational trophoblastic Neoplasia: It involves mostly the uterus and infrequently ovaries.</span></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:18px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Symptoms</span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge is common in all types of gynecologic cancers except vulvar cancer.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Abdominal fullness, gastritis-like symptoms, and lower abdominal or back pain are commonly seen in ovarian cancer though most of the cases are asymptomatic in the early stages.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Abnormal uterine bleeding like excessive, irregular bleeding and lower abdominal pain is common for uterine cancers.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Increased frequency or urgency to urinate and constipation are common for ovarian and vaginal cancers.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Vulvar Itching, burning, pain, and changes in the color of overlying skin are found only in vulvar cancer.</span></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:48px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Diagnosis</span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Diagnosis of cancer requires a thorough history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations to reach to a conclusion.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">At PCH, we have the following modalities to suspect and diagnose the cases.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <ol> <li style="list-style-type:none"> <ol> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">History and Clinical Examination</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Imaging: Ultrasonography, CT scan, MRI, PET-CT for all kinds of gynecological cancer</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Colposcopy and biopsy for cervical cancer</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Endometrial biopsy for Endometrial cancer</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Tumor markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up in ovarian carcinoma</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">IHC( Immunohistochemistry) as and whenever required to differentiate the type and origin of the tumor</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Diagnostic Laparoscopy in cases of doubtful ovarian malignancy</span></span></span></span></span></li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p style="margin-left:96px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Treatment</span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Gynecologic cancers are treated in different ways. It depends on the type and stage of the cancer. At PCH we treat the disease following the most updated guidelines. Cases are discussed on the tumor board weekly and the best treatment modality is selected and individualized. Treatment modalities are</span></span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Surgery:</span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">&nbsp;Generally cancer surgery is more radical and involves the removal of surrounding tissues and lymph nodes. The principle of surgery in oncology is to remove all visible diseases. </span></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Cervical cancer: We perform Radical hysterectomy either open or laparoscopically.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Endometrial Cancer: Laparoscopic/Open Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy plus&nbsp; pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and omentectomy</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Ovarian Carcinoma: Staging Laparotomy or Debulking surgery</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Vulvar Carcinoma: Radical vulvectomy and b/I inguinal lymphadenectomy +local flap reconstruction if required</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">Vaginal cancer: Vaginectomy</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Chemotherapy:</span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">&nbsp;In unresectable cases or advanced cases, chemotherapy is given as neoadjuvant therapy or palliative therapy. Chemotherapy drugs are used to shrink or kill cancer. The drugs can be pills or injectables. Chemotherapy in ovarian cancer is usually given as neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapy. Gestational trophoblastic cancer responds very well to chemotherapy</span></span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Radiation:</span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">&nbsp;It is the method in which high-energy rays are used to kill cancer. Mostly used in advanced cases of cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, and vaginal cancer.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Immunotherapy and hormonal therapy </span></strong></span></span></span></span></li> </ul>

Head and Neck Onco Surgery

<h2 style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:18pt"><span style="background-color:white"><strong><span style="font-size:20.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Head &amp; Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery</span></span></strong></span></span></h2> <p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:20.5pt"><span style="color:red">About Department</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">At Purbanchal Cancer Hospital (PCH), our treatment philosophy is based on multi-disciplinary team approach emphasizing on organ preservation and restoration of form and function by advanced reconstructive surgery, radiation treatment protocol and rehabilitative services. Our team consists of Head and Neck oncology, reconstructive surgery, radiation oncology, medical oncology, radiology, pathology, rehabilitation and pain and palliation services. All patients will be evaluated in a multidisciplinary tumor board to determine the most optimal treatment option.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">The Head &amp; Neck surgical oncology provides organ preservation surgery, minimally invasive endoscopic laser surgery.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">The mission of Head and Neck oncology department is to provide a one-stop comprehensive care for patients with head and neck cancers. A multidisciplinary team of well renowned head and neck and reconstructive surgeons strive to provide treatment optimized for complete tumor ablation followed by restoration of form and function. The department works closely with departments of radiation oncology, medical oncology, pathology, radiology and pain management to deliver State-of-the-Art treatment. Special emphasis is given to quality of life and functional rehabilitation of cancer patients.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">The department also runs an active community outreach programme for early detection and prevention of cancer.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:20.5pt"><span style="color:red">Services &amp; Facilities</span></span></span></span></span></p> <ol> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="color:black">Surgical management of </span></span></strong></span></span></span></li> </ol> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Oral cavity tumors</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Pharyngeal tumors</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Laryngeal tumors</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Salivary gland tumors</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Thyroid and Parathyroid tumors</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Nasal and Paranasal tumors</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Skull Base tumors</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Vascular malformation</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Skin cancers of head &amp; Neck Region</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Head and Neck Reconstructive( Plastics) surgery</span></span></span></span></span>\</li> </ul> <ol start="2"> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="color:black">Early detection and screening for Head and Neck Cancer</span></span></strong></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="color:black">Key Procedures / surgery </span></span></strong></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="color:black">Head &amp; Neck Cancer Ablative surgeries</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="color:black">Microvascular free flap reconstructive surgeries</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="color:black">Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstruct Procedure</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="color:black">Airway Surgeries</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="color:black">Thyroid &amp; Salivary gland surgeries</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="color:black">Nose , Sinus &amp; Skull Base Surgeries</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="color:black">Orbital surgeries</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="color:black">Endoscopic LASER Surgeries</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="color:black">Laryngeal Surgeries</span></span></span></span></span></li> </ol> <p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><strong><span style="color:red">About Head and neck cancer</span></strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#404040">A group of cancers that begins in or around the throat, voice box, nose, sinuses, or the mouth is called head and neck cancer. This type of cancer is believed to start in the cells in the exteriors of these body parts. Head and neck cancers can further be categorized into five types; oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and salivary glands.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Diagnosis</span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">A surgical oncologist may start the diagnosis of any head and neck cancer by evaluating the patient&rsquo;s medical history and then conducting a physical examination and ordering other diagnostic tests.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">For a physical examination, the doctor may visually inspect the oral and nasal cavities, throat, neck and tongue. Small mirrors and lights are used to check for the presence of any lumps in and around the lips, gums, cheeks and neck.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Endoscopic procedures may be followed to examine the areas inside the body with the help of a flexible tube called an endoscope.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">The samples of blood, urine or cells from the nodes are sent to the laboratory for other tests.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">For obtaining the images of the head and neck areas, X-rays, CT scan, PET scan and MRI can be used.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">A biopsy is the only sure procedure in head and neck oncology to determine whether a person has cancer or not. Here, a small part of the tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to make a diagnosis.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Treatment</span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Every cancer patient is different. Therefore, a special team of surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, onco-pathologists, radiation oncologists and imaging specialists evaluate the condition of the patient and chart out a customized treatment plan for them. Some of the modalities of head and neck cancer treatments available are mentioned below.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Surgery:</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">&nbsp;In head and neck surgery, the cancer is removed along with some of the healthy tissues around it. Radiation treatment may be given after the surgery.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Radiation:</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">&nbsp;Different types of radiation therapy may be suggested for the patients, such as 3DCRT, IMRT or IGRT.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Chemotherapy</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">:&nbsp;Chemotherapy is usually given along with radiation therapy. The anti-cancer drugs used can kill the fast-growing cells in the body.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Targeted therapy:</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">&nbsp;Unlike chemotherapy, the drugs used in targeted therapy selectively kill cancer cells. However, its application in the treatment of head and neck cancer is limited.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">Rehabilitation</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#404040">:&nbsp;Rehabilitation programs are doctor-supervised programs for patients who underwent treatment for cancer. It helps them to get back to their daily activities quicker as well as improves their well-being.</span></span></span></span></span></p>

Neuro Onco Surgery

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">At Purbanchal Cancer Hospital, we offer the latest state-of-art operation theaters, high-end microscopes, neuro-endoscopes, Brain Lab neuro-navigation system, and other tools for precise, minimally-invasive brain and spine surgeries</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">Neuro-oncologists will be equipped to treat brain tumors for Pediatrics patients, Adult patients, Primary and Secondary tumors of the brain and spinal cord, Minimally invasive Spine Surgeries, and other individually designed procedures that match any international standard in tumor care.</span></span></span></span></p>

Musculo Skeletal Oncology

<h4 style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">As an emerging specialty of orthopedic oncology, Musculoskeletal oncology involves bone and soft tissue disorders.&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">At PCH, our specialized team of experts adopts a multidisciplinary approach and treats Musculoskeletal cancer with the help of evolved technology and techniques</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="color:#6c6c6c">.</span></span></span></span></h4>

Nuclear Medicine

<p><span style="font-size:12pt">Purbanchal cancer hospital in Nepal has introduced PET/CT&nbsp; Positron emission tomography/computed tomography is a rapidly growing modality that has made a tremendous impact on the care of patients with cancer<span style="font-size:9.0pt">. </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="color:#444444">PET scans use a small amount of a radioactive substance, or tracer, to show differences between healthy tissue and diseased tissue.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="color:#444444">The most commonly used tracer is <sup>18</sup>F-FDG (Fluoro-deoxy-glucose).</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#444444">The combination of PET/CT provides complete information about both structure (CT) and function (PET) in the human body.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Application of PET</strong>:</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><u>Oncological Application (&gt;95%): </u></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Lymphoma, Head and Neck Cancers, Lung cancer, Breast cancers, RCC, Gynaecological malignancies, Metastasis, Carcinoma of Unknown Primary etc.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Useful for:</span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Diagnosis of Malignancy</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Staging of various cancers</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Response Evaluation after Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Surgery or Immunotherapy</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Restaging</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Surveillance</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">PET for guided biopsy etc.</span></span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><u>Non Oncological Application (~5%):</u></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Neurology: Dementia &amp; Epilepsy (Temporal lobe epilepsy)</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Cardiology: Cardiac Viability, Infection of transplanted Valve</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Infection and inflammation: Sarcoidosis, Tuberculosis, Vasculitis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR), Relapsing Polychondritis, etc.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO)</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>

Radio Diagnosis & Imaging

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:22.0pt"><span style="color:red">Department Radio Diagnosis and Imaging</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">The Department of Radiodiagnosis has expanded over the years. With skilled staff who are committed to quality.</span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:red">Core Competencies</span></span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">A radiograph (X-Ray) of all parts of the body</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">Special procedures (X-ray): HSG, IVU</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">Mammography, Dexa Scan</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">USG</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">: All body parts (Abdomen/Pelvis, Neck, Musculoskeletal, Cranial, Soft tissue, Breast)</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">Obstetric and fetal USG with anomaly scan</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">Special USG</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">: Vascular/Doppler USG, Fetal Doppler</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">CT</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">: CT of any body parts, HRCT chest, Temporal CT, triphasic CT of the abdomen, IVU, etc.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">CT Angiogram</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">: Brain, Neck, Pulmonary, Thoracoabdominal aorta, Renal and Peripheral vascular</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">MRI</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">: Whole-body MRI (Brain, Spine, Neck, Abdomen, Musculoskeletal, Soft tissue) </span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">&nbsp;<strong>Special MRI</strong>: MRCP, Fistulogram, Brachial plexus, Dynamic MRI</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">USG and CT guided FNAC and biopsy of all kinds.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">Intervention</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">: USG guided PTBD, Pigtail, Chest tube insertion, Any kinds of drainage/aspiration, etc.</span></span></span></span></span></li> </ul>

Anesthesia

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:18.0pt"><span style="color:red">Department of <span style="background-color:white">Anesthesia&nbsp;</span></span></span></strong></span><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:#222222">The Department of Anaesthesiology at Purbanchal Cancer Hospital includes an experienced team of anaesthesiologists working 24 hrs. a day for providing Safe Anaesthesia Care to patients of all age groups.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#4a525d">Anesthesia care in operating theatres for all types of surgical, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#4a525d"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">PAC Clinic daily (Preoperative patient assessment and preparation)</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#4a525d"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Perioperative care</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#4a525d"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Ambulatory anesthesia</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:#4a525d"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Regional anesthesia under ultrasound guidance</span></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#4a525d">Critical Care Service</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:#4a525d">Sedation and anesthesia in radiology suites (CT Scan &amp; MRI) and Endoscopy rooms.</span></span></span></span></span></p>

Clinical Hematology

<p>Clinical hematology is dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the blood and blood-forming tissues. The diseases in the area of Hematology may involve Blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets); Other blood components; The hematopoietic organs (bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen).</p>

Pediatric Hematology-Oncology

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Purbanchal Cancer Hospital</strong> is one of the well-versed comprehensive cancer hospitals in eastern Nepal. <strong>Pediatric Hematology- Oncology</strong> service has been one of the highlights of this center since it vouches to treat childhood cancer and blood disorders at best of its abilities.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">We offer holistic care for children with malignancy and hematological disorders from 0-19 years of age group. Our multi- disciplinary team of well trained and experienced pediatric hemato-oncologists, radiation oncologist, surgeons, anesthetists, in- house hematopathologists and radiologists along with specially trained pediatric/oncology nurses, pharmacists and paramedical personnel are committed to treat these children with utmost care and dedication.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Our services include outpatient clinics, in patient care, day care services, intensive care unit, palliative care, psychosocial and nutritional support, cancer survivor clinics particularly to monitor late effects, facilities to perform bone marrow examinations and intrathecal therapies.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Diseases under our umbrella are:</span></span></strong></p> <ol> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Acute / Chronic leukemias</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lymphomas</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Solid tumors: </span></span></li> </ol> <p style="margin-left:96px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Brain tumors, Bone tumors, Sarcomas, Neuroblastoma, Retinoblastoma, Renal tumors, Germ Cell tumors</span></span></p> <ol start="4"> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Hemoglobinopathies: </span></span></li> </ol> <p style="margin-left:48px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia</span></span></p> <ol start="5"> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Iron deficiency anemia, Megaloblastic anemias</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Aplastic anemia</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Inherited bone marrow syndromes</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Platelets and coagulation disorders</span></span></li> </ol>

Haematology

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Hematology</strong> (also spelled as haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. The field of hematology integrates clinical and laboratory medicine. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, lymphoid tissue, and the mechanism of coagulation. </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Hematology treatments</strong> are conducted on an outpatient, day-care, or inpatient basis, depending on the specific needs of each patient.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Areas of study</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Major areas of study within hematology include Red cell disorders and hemoglobinopathy, hematological malignancies, anemia, and coagulopathy. </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Hemoglobinopathy</strong> is the study of abnormality in the globin chains of hemoglobin molecules. It includes sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and other hereditary hemolytic disorders.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Hematological malignancies</strong> are concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of cancers of the bone marrow, blood and lymph nodes. The commonly hematological malignancies are:</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:48px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type:none"> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Acute myeloid leukemia and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, </span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Chronic myeloid leukemia and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, </span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Myeloma (Multiply myeloma, Smoldering myeloma, MGUS) </span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Lymphoma (Hodgkin&rsquo;s and Non-Hodgkin&rsquo;s)</span></span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Anemia (Iron deficiency, Megaloblastic anemia &amp; other hemolytic anemias)</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:24px">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Coagulation disorders (Hemophilia, Von Willebrand disorder, thrombophilia, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism)</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:24px">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Other disorders treated by a hematologist include: </span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:24px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Bone marrow failure syndromes (Aplastic anemia, PNH, Fanconi&rsquo;s anemia)</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Bone marrow transplantation (Autologous and Allogenic stem cell transplantation)</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Myelodysplastic syndromes</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Myeloproliferative disorders (Polycythemia, Essential thrombocythemia, Myelofibrosis)</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Platelet disorders (ITP, congenital platelet disorders) </span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Obstetrics blood disorders</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Hematological disorders in systemic diseases</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Hematology tests</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">One of the most common hematology tests includes complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral blood smear (PBS). This test is often conducted during a routine exam and can detect anemia, bleeding disorders, blood cancers, immune system disorders, and infections. </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Other common hematology tests for diagnosis and treatment include: </strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Bone marrow examination and Trephine biopsy</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Flowcytometry, immunophenotyping &amp; Immunohistochemistry</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) </span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Molecular genetic analysis</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Iron profile, Vitamin B12 assay </span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">BT, CT, PT, INR &amp; APTT</span></span></li> </ul>

Pathology & Clinical Laboratory

<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:18.0pt"><span style="color:red">&nbsp; &nbsp; Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">The Department of Pathology and clinical laboratory is an integral part of our institution which has been playing important role in the diagnosis of disease.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Why our laboratory for investigations?</strong></span></span></p> <ol style="list-style-type:upper-alpha"> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">It is a hospital-based laboratory that performs tests under the supervision of full-time experienced consultant Pathologists and Master level laboratory scientists.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Tests are performed by a fully automated analyzer with the gold standard method.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Internal quality controls are performed on daily basis for all the tests to ensure quality reports.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">External quality control assessments are done through RIQAS to ensure quality reports.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">All the special tests and routine tests with quality reports are performed under the same umbrella.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">We ensure quality service from sample collection, and testing to dispatch of the reports.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">We ensure rapid quality diagnostic reports which aid in early management of the patient resulting in good outcomes.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">We have more than 50 efficient staff with good working experience to yield quality results.</span></span></li> </ol> <p style="margin-left:48px">&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:red">Coming Soon</span></span>:</strong> To establish Immunohistochemistry and molecular test.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Subdepartments</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Histopathology</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Cytopathology</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Hematology</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Biochemistry</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Immunology</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">Microbiology</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Histopathology</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">This section deals with biopsy samples where the diagnosis of diseases ranging from Cancer to benign tumors and infective cases are made. Histopathology is essential in the diagnosis of cancer and also aid in the further treatment plan. This sub-department also deals with the staging of cancer cases as well. More than 2000 major and minor samples are currently received per year and are now established as an integral part of our department. </span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Cytopathology</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">This section deals with cellular levels from FNAC, PAP smears, Fluid cytology, Bronchoalveolar lavage e.t.c. This section is essential for the early diagnosis of the disease with a minimally invasive procedure.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Hematology</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">This section deals with blood-related investigations like Complete blood count, peripheral blood smears, Bone marrow aspiration, and biopsy along with urine and stool routine examination.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Biochemistry and Immunology</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">This section deals with routine and special tests. More than 200 types of tests are performed with fully automated chemical analyzers with the gold standard analyzing method.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"><strong>Microbiology</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,">This section of the department deals with the growth and drug sensitivity of bacteria along with fungal culture.</span></span></p>

Bipanna Nagarik Kosh

<p>गत साल(२०८०-२०८१) &nbsp;विपन्न शाखामा सेवा लिनु भएका क्यानसर बिरामीको संख्या l</p>